When a computer or an IP phone is on a separate vlan (2 and 3 above), and the DHCP server is in Vlan 1, here is the config you would need to do:
interface vlan 1
ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface vlan 2
ip address 10.10.2.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 10.10.1.2 <---- IP of the DHCP server
interface vlan 3
ip address 10.10.3.1 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 10.10.1.2 <---- IP of the DHCP server
The 'ip helper-address' command forwards traffic over to the DHCP server. Since the packet comes from the interface of vlan 2 for the computer (vlan 3 for the ip phone), the DHCP server matches the ip address of that vlan interface with a scope programmed in the DHCP server. The server responds appropriately, and the switch hands the fulfilled request back to the device that broadcasted out the request. Simple as that.